The Colonists Actions And British Government s Responses

3. The Colonists Actions and British Government’s Responses 1760s-1770s The imposition of taxes on the American Colonies by the British Government in the 1760s set in motion a series of action and reaction that led to a break between the components of the British Empire. Americans responded with much anger and public resistance to the Stamp Act in 1763. Much of this resistance was expressed in the colonies of Massachusetts and Virginia. In Massachusetts, the mobs not only threatened violence, but damaged and at times destroyed the property of officials who were involved in the Stamp Act’s implementation. Virginia on the other hand took legislative action denouncing the imposition of taxes on the Colonies by Parliament. It was Virginia’s example that was followed nine of her sister colonies when their legislatures made similar resolutions. These actions also lled to the formation of the Stamp Act Congress in October 1765 (Middlekauff, 2005). 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The Effects Of Smoking On The Us, Britain And Russia

Smoking is a major cause of several deadly diseases and deaths worldwide. It is also the leading preventable cause of death in the United States. Smoking is now considered deplorable due to the increasing understanding of its detrimental effects to our health especially in western countries (CDC, 2014). This essay will address the change in attitudes towards smokers in the US, Britain and Russia. In the past, Smoking played an integral role in our social lives. Smokers were highly respected; one could even say that they had more rights than the non-smoker. However, according to recent Gallup poll, such reverence is gradually slipping away (Saad, 2011). Furthermore, in the last half century, the war on smoking has been redirected to smokers. The meaning of the cigarette and the smoker has been transformed; ‘‘an emblem of attraction has become repulsive†¦the smoker has become a pariah†¦the object of scorn and hostility’’ (Brandt, 2007). 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Analysis Of The Poem The By Tony Barnstone - 1718 Words

Audit is a poem written by editor, translator, fiction writer, and poet Tony Barnstone. He has written a collection of varied and unique poems, from topics of the Second World War to a poetry book based on material in classic pulp fiction and B-movies. Barnstone has won numerous awards and literary competitions for his diverse work, including the Pushcart Prize in Poetry and the John Ciardi Prize in Poetry. This poem offers an interesting take on relationships and love and its relation to the world of business. The poem utilizes a variety of poetic devices, some being obvious and others more obscure, which will be explored throughout this paper. The poem Audit is about a married couple that has suffered at the hands of time. After however many years, the pair have fallen apart. The two were at one point both very much in love, and although the man still loves his wife or at the very least feels affection towards her, she no longer feels that their relationship is profitable or enjoyable. The only hope to save the relationship is for the man to change his disagreeable behavior. The major themes of this poem are love – but not in the ‘love conquers all’ view that is often present in poems, plays, and novels, quite the opposite. In fact, if anything, love can be compared to a business in this context. In addition, this poem contains a bounty of literary devices and poetic forms that contribute to the themes and purpose of the poem. The first subject within the poem that

Everglade dilemma Essay Example For Students

Everglade dilemma Essay Everglade DilemmaThe worlds systems of life are of such complexity that even modern man cant fully understand and predict it. The common word for this is Mother Nature and the question is the mystery of life. Life was created by a specific set of environmental and geologic features present at the same time. Modern life is still effected by the different environmental factors and systems that occur worldwide. Each system reaction causes and equal and opposite reaction in an another system. This cause and effect is demonstrated by many of the earths environmental systems. Deep in the heart of Florida lies a natural resource known as the everglades. This particular system is extremely complex and one that follows the action-reaction principle. Both the correct environmental features, as well as the right rock layers and substrates created the everglades. Geology and the environment created a system that has been nearly destroyed by man. Now he is trying to return the glades to life with a complicated set of levees and canals. In order to restore the everglades to life, one must understand them. How was this hive of life created, what happened to it, and what is currently happening to it? What processes can be invoked to help clean the water, remove pollutants, and restore water flowage. The underground aquifer is tapped by every city in Florida. This partially drains some of the water that would otherwise flow in to the everglades. Other unavoidable are the highways that run through the glades and long-stretching canals such as the Miami, which diverts and drains much water.

Financial Statement Analysis Of Unilever - Free Sample

Question: Descirbe about the Financial Statement Analysis of Unilever? Answer: Executive Summary According to the overall analysis of the project is based on the management accounting techniques and profitability status of the company Unilever. The entire project report is showing the strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the business activities of the company in the different countries all around the world. The business strategies and objectives give impact on the financial status of the company to growth within a certain period of time. Introduction This particular study has emphasized on explaining how management accounting can supply information to assist the management of the organisation. In order to conduct this study, Unilever has been considered as the case organization. The overall study has been subdivided into several sub sections. The first part of this project is all about understanding the accounting techniques available for business organization and also the SWOT analysis of the company Unilever. The overall operational activities of the company in terms of both the financial and Non-financial criteria also have been explained here. Background of the organization The company Unilever established in the year 1933. Now the company is operating in 190 different countries in all around the world. The company is primarily supplies the large number of variety products which is utilized by the different ages group of customer segment of the company in all around the world (Unilever.com, 2015).The actual turnover of the company at the end of the financial year 2013-2014 is 48.4 billion which is showing that company 57% growth in their products and services market in all around the world. The company uses some new utility plans which is mainly support in reducing the wastage impact of the company by 15%. Unilever is the one of the best FMCG Company which preferred by the billions of customers in all around the world. Management accounting techniques There are various tools and techniques which are used by the company during the calculation of the management accounting of organization Unilever. There are several accounting calculation techniques which are used by the company during the calculation of the financial statement analysis of the company Unilever (Bhimani, 2012). The ratio analysis, capital budgeting and the portfolio analysis are the main tools which is easily measured the financial status of the organization Unilever limited. Management accounting of the company is generally evaluation to fix the long term goal of the company Unilever. The primary function of the management accounting which is based on the planning, control, cost accounting, decision making and auditing process of the company. There are different tools and techniques which are describe the cost volume profit and capital investment. Useful capital budgeting techniques: While, ratio analysis has been considered as the major tool to analyze the performance of the company over the time frame, capital budgeting techniques entirely revolves around investment opportunity assessment. There are several capital budgeting techniques that organization can employ. All these capital budgeting techniques mainly classified under two broad heads: discounting techniques and non discounting techniques. Under discounting techniques, there are several approaches exists like payback period, profitability index, etc. Similarly, net present value, internal rate of return, modified internal rate of return etc are the major discounting techniques organizations employed for investment decision. Payback period: According to this method, the investment option will selected on the basis of recovery period of the initial expenditure made by the organization. Following is the formula for payback period: Payback period: Initial investment for the project / net annual cash flow This formula will be applied in case of identical cash inflow over the time frame. If the cash inflow remains uneven over the time frame, following formula will be applied: Payback period = A + (B/C) Where, A = corresponding year of the last negative cumulative cash inflow B = Absolute value of the last negative cumulative cash inflow And C = Cash inflow of the subsequent year of the last negative cumulative cash inflow. Taken for example, let us consider, the organization Unilever has the following investment opportunity: Initial investment required: $10000000 Cash inflow: Year 1: $5000000 Year 2: $4000000 Year 3: $2000000 Year 4: $2000000 Year 5: $1000000 Year 0 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Initial Investment $ 100,00,000.00 Cash Inflow $ 50,00,000.00 $ 40,00,000.00 $ 20,00,000.00 $ 20,00,000.00 $ 10,00,000.00 Cumulative Cash Inflow $ -50,00,000.00 $ -10,00,000.00 $ 10,00,000.00 $ 30,00,000.00 $ 40,00,000.00 Payback Period 2.5 Years Net Present value: When, payback period is used widely because of easy access, net present value, which is a discounting technique, also utilized by the firm broadly. The formula for net present value is as mentioned below: NPV = C1 / (1+R) + C2 / (1+R)2 + C3 / (1+R)3 + C4 / (1+R)4 + C5 / (1+R)5- C0 C0 = initial investment C1= 1st year inflow C2 = 2nd year inflow C3 = 3rd year inflow C4 = 4th year inflow C5 = 5th year inflow R = Discount Rate If the above investment opportunity is considered here and if the required rate of return for Unilever is 12%, then the npv of this project will be calculated as below: Year 0 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Initial Investment $ 100,00,000.00 Cash Inflow $ 50,00,000.00 $ 40,00,000.00 $ 20,00,000.00 $ 20,00,000.00 $ 10,00,000.00 Cumulative Cash Inflow $ -50,00,000.00 $ -10,00,000.00 $ 10,00,000.00 $ 30,00,000.00 $ 40,00,000.00 Payback Period 2.5 Years Year 0 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Initial Investment $ 100,00,000.00 Cash Inflow $ 50,00,000.00 $ 40,00,000.00 $ 20,00,000.00 $ 20,00,000.00 $ 10,00,000.00 Discounting rate 12% 0.892857143 0.797193878 0.711780248 0.635518078 0.567426856 Present value $ 44,64,285.71 $ 31,88,775.51 $ 14,23,560.50 $ 12,71,036.16 $ 5,67,426.86 Total Present value $ 109,15,084.73 Net Present Value $ 9,15,084.73 Ratio Analysis The ratio analysis of the company Unilever is commonly based on the financial statements of the company within the given period of time. The financial statement analysis of the company which is analyzes the overall techniques of the financial status analysis of the company which is based on the ratio analysis techniques of the company Unilever (Drury, 2012). 6.1 Profitability ratio Profitability ratio of the company is based on the analysis of the capabilities of the organization in terms of measuring the earning capacities of the company. The overall profitability ratio calculation of the company is decided by the financial statement for period 2013 and 2014. Particulars Unilever 2013 2014 TOTAL REVENUE 25,810.21 28,019.13 GROSS PROFIT 4,957.88 5,028.39 GROSS PROFIT MARGIN 0.192089875 0.179462746 The gross profit margin of the company is based on the earning capabilities of the organization in terms of their operational activities.According to the analysis the gross profit margin of the Unilever 0.192 and 0.179 in the financial year 2013 and 2014. According to the gross profit margin of the company financial period 2013 is more profitable year for the Unilever. Particulars Unilever 2013 2014 TOTAL REVENUE 25,810.21 28,019.13 NET PROFIT 3,796.67 3,867.49 NET PROFIT MARGIN 0.147099539 0.138030339 The net profit margin of the company is generally related to the earning capabilities of the organization in terms of their operational activities. According to the analysis the gross profit margin of the Unilever 0.147 and 0.139 in the financial year 2013 and 2014. According to the gross profit margin of the company financial period 2013 is more profitable year for the unilever(Edwards and Boyns, 2012). Particulars Unilever 2013 2014 NET PROFIT 3,796.67 3,867.49 TOTAL ASSET 11,512.47 12,998.40 RETURN ON ASSETS 0.309794797 0.595071701 The returns from assets of the company is dependent on the earning capabilities of the organization in terms of revenue generation activities of their financial statements. According to the analysis the asset returns of the Unilever 0.309 and 0.595 in the financial year 2013 and 2014. According to the returns from assets acquired by the company financial period 2014 is more profitable year for the company unilever than 2014. Liquidity ratio Liquidity ratios of any organization which is generally support the liquidity position of the company Unilever which is measuring the financial situations of the company by which is easily pay the short-term financial obligation of the company(Follett, 2012). Particulars Unilever 2013 2014 current assets 11,512.47 12,998.40 current liabilities 5,167.69 5,793.89 current ratio 2.227778756 2.243466825 The current ratio of the company unilever is showing the financial position of the company which is making understand that the company is able to pay the short obligation of the company within financial period 2013 and 2014. The current ratio of the company is 2.22 and 2.24 in the financial period of time. Thecurrent ratio of the unilever company is more profitable in the financial year 2014. Particulars Unilever 2013 2014 current assets 11,512.47 12,998.40 current liabilities 5,167.69 5,793.89 INVENTORY 2,526.99 2,747.53 quick ratio 1.738780771 1.769255198 The quick ratio of the company unilever is showing the financial position of the company which is making understand that the company is able to pay the short obligation of the company within financial period 2013 and 2014. The current ratio of the company is 1.738 and 1.769 in the financial period of time. The current ratio of the unilever company is more profitable in the financial year 2014. SWOT Analysis The SWOT analysis of the company Unilever is based on the analysis of the all the strength, weaknesses, opportunity and the threats of the company in the market.The company is also operating their product distribution activities in more than 190 countries(Garrison and Brewer, 2012). The company is providing the large range of the products for different range of clients and customers. The company also getting product manufacturing services is from 270 manufacturing sites in all around the world and also having more than 25 international brands which is generating 70% revenue from the overall selling activities of the organization. Strength The strength of the Unilever Company is mainly following in nature: The company is also operating their product distribution activities in more than 190 countries. The company is providing the large range of the products for different range of clients and customers. The company also getting product manufacturing services is from 270 manufacturing sites in all around the world and also having more than 25 international brands which is generating 70% revenue from the overall selling activities of the organization. The company is having huge products range for the different segment of customers which is mainly defining the huge revenue generation activities of the organization. The strong research and development authorities of the organization is based on the price and quality of the products which provided by the company in the all around the world market. The company is having more than 400 international brands which are selling in the market in different size and varieties as per the customers taste and preferences. The promotional activity of the company and the advance technologies which is going to use by the unilever is providing the competitive advantages to the company unilever. Weaknesses There are several weaknesses which is related to the unilever brands during the selling and distribution activities of their products in the market(Horngren and Oliver, 2012). Those weaknesses are following in nature: The company is having very strong product manufacturing competitors in the market those are like PG and Nestle which is preferable by the millions of customers in all around the world. The products which are produced by the company are also manufactured by the other company in the market in reasonable price and better quality in the local consumer market which is lower in compare to the company Unilever. Opportunity There are various opportunities which are awaited for the Unilever in the market as per the several conditions which are based on the demand of the products and the changes in the taste and preferences of the customers in the market. The following opportunity is waiting in the future of the organization. The company highly famous in the health conscious products which is generallybetter in compare to the other products of different brand. The company is mainly famous for the changing the life styles and trends of the consumers which is related to the several activities of the organization.The company is changing the trend of the project which is enhancing the demand of the project in the market. The huge demand in the organization which is based on the demand the production capacities of the company will increase significantly. Threats Thethreats of the company Unilever are generally survive on the performance of the company in the current scenario of the products demands in the market(Drury, 2012). There are some threats which are measures by the company during their management and operational activities of the company and those threats are following in nature: The economic inflation and reception mainly give negative impact on the business activity of the company Unilever which will decrease the profitability of the company within the given financial period of time. The customer are more conscious about the products they buy from the market so the company mainly focusing on the making the eco-friendly products in the environment. The global market competition need to match by the company with their competitors which is depends upon the innovative products features which are prefer by the customer of the company. The legal rules and regulations which arebased on the government taxation policies and the different procedure of the company. Conclusion According to the overall analysis of the company unilever it is shown that the company is huge expanded in the global market for their products range provided in the market as per the taste and preferences of the different segments of customers in the all around the world.The financial status of the company is mainly measure by the ratio analysis of the company which is generally based on the financial statement analysis of the company Unilever. The company is having higher numbers of strength which is provided by the investors and the customers of the company within a particular financial year of company Unilever. Reference Hul.co.in, 2. (2015).Our history | Hindustan Unilever. [online] Hul.co.in. Available at: https://www.hul.co.in/aboutus/ourhistory/ [Accessed 17 Jun. 2015]. Bhimani, A. (2012).Management and cost accounting. Harlow, England: Financial Times/Prentice Hall. Drury, C. (2012).Management and cost accounting. Andover: Cengage Learning. Drury, C. (2012).Management and cost accounting. Andover: Cengage Learning. Edwards, R. and Boyns, T. (2012).A History of Cost and Management Accounting. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. Follett, R. (2012).How to keep score in business. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: FT Press. Garrison, R., Noreen, E. and Brewer, P. (2012).Managerial accounting. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Gibson, C. (2012).Financial statement analysis. Mason, Ohio: South-Western. Horngren, C., Datar, S. and Rajan, M. (2012).Cost accounting. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson/Prentice Hall. Horngren, C., Harrison, W. and Oliver, M. (2012).Accounting. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Prentice Hall. Hsu, S. and Qu, S. (2012). Strategic Cost Management and Institutional Changes in Hospitals.European Accounting Review, pp.1-33. Kieso, D., Weygandt, J. and Warfield, T. (2012).Intermediate accounting. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Mayes, T. and Shank, T. (2012).Financial analysis with Microsoft Excel. Australia: South-Western. Moeschler, M. (2012).Cost Accounting in Germany and Japan. Frankfurt: Lang, Peter, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften. Petersen, C. and Plenborg, T. (2012).Financial statement analysis. Harlow, England: Financial Times/Prentice Hall. Peterson Drake, P. and Fabozzi, F. (2012).Analysis of financial statements. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Ratnatunga, J., Tse, M. and Balachandran, K. (2012). Cost Management in Sri Lanka: A Case Study on Volume, Activity and Time as Cost Drivers.The International Journal of Accounting, 47(3), pp.281-301.

Reflective essay on confidentiality free essay sample

The subject I intend to reflect upon is confidentiality within a professional healthcare setting. Confidentiality formed a part of our professional issues lectures and it piqued my interest due to how differently it is interpreted within healthcare as opposed to education, which is my background. In an educational setting I was taught repeatedly that I could never ensure confidentiality between myself and a child. Comparing that to what I have now learnt in healthcare, this seemed to me almost the opposite way of working as I was used to and so I wish to reflect upon this. I intend to look at why confidentiality is so important within healthcare and how it relates to the Nursing and Midwifery Council’s (NMC) Code. I will look at the strategies in place to protect the privacy of healthcare users, including the areas where confidentiality is even more important. I will also be looking at the various occasions that arise in which a confidentiality can be breached and who should be informed in these cases and finally I hope to look at a case study where confidentiality was breached and use that information to help guide me to make better choices in the future. We will write a custom essay sample on Reflective essay on confidentiality or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Jasper (2011) tells us that reflection is the ability to see ourselves both physically and metaphorically. She also states that reflection can be looking again at something or in a different way. Somerville and Keeling tell us that reflection is the study of our thoughts, actions and focusing on our interaction and environments with the intention of fully seeing ourselves (Nursing Times, 2004). Bulman Schutz (2008) talk of reflection as being a tool to review experience, so that it may be â€Å"described, analysed [and] evaluated† then used to influence future practice. Sully Dallas (2010) state that reflection is essential in the nurse’s development into sound and responsive professionals and they cite Benner (2001) who stated that nursing cannot expand or fully develop without the practice of reflection. According to Johns and Freshwater (2005), reflection is a skill that is used on a regular basis and in all sorts of situations, such as important events in our lives. There are various reflective cycles available to help with the reflective practice and Johns’ cycle discusses the relationship between practitioners and supervisors and makes reflection a joint exercise, looking at the actions and consequences, the feelings behind it, the personal ethics involved and the knowledge gained (Johns, 1995). Alternatively, Gibbs’ cycle takes a slightly different approach and is cyclic in nature, it takes a similar reflective outline but moves on to conclusions and then action plans to guide future practice (Oxford Brookes University, 2011). There are other cycles available including Driscoll’s â€Å"What? So What? Now What? † reflective model which can help in more general reflective situations (University of Nottingham, 2012). However, I will write this essay using a reflective style instead of referring to reflective cycles. I intend to use this exercise to inform and prepare me for my future career and to explore a subject that has had some bearing on my life and will be increasingly more important as I continue down this career path. Confidentiality is an important aspect of healthcare including the entire spectrum of healthcare workers and settings. It is enshrined in the World Medical Association’s Declaration of Geneva (WMA, 2012) and the Hippocratic Oath (National Library of Medicine, 2012) as being a central part to our role as healthcare professionals since before healthcare became so structured. The reasons for keeping a confidence in the healthcare setting are summarised by Lockwood in that the information belongs to the patient who is giving it to the doctor and therefore the doctor has a responsibility to not misuse such information (2005). Lockwood also talks of the trust between a doctor and patient which would certainly break down should confidentiality be breached. Thompson, Melia Boyd (2000) tell me that the information a patient gives about themselves not only gives the healthcare professional power to help them but also gives them power over them. In this case, it is vital that healthcare professionals use information that is given to them wisely and with the utmost care. Seeing information about a healthcare user in such terms makes me realise that some information is not necessarily in the public domain and therefore I have a privilege and responsibility to not only care for the patient but also for the knowledge about them that I am privy to. I realise that, although I have a duty to retain confidentiality, I may be placed in a position where the confidence has to also include other healthcare professionals and I need to involve the patient in such a situation (ibid). It is also just as important to keep a confidentiality because of data protection legislation which enforces the rights of the individual to have their personal information prot ected (Legislation. gov. uk, 1998). So legally, healthcare professionals have a duty to protect the healthcare user’s personal information, at least to the  legal minimum, or face proceedings. On top of this though, there is a further responsibility placed on the healthcare professional to respect the right of the user to their private life and beliefs. This is outlined by the NMC’s Code (2012) which reiterates the Data Protection Act, 1998 and further clarifies the lengths that healthcare professionals should go to ensure the healthcare user’s confidentiality and privacy is protected. In my previous experience in education, guidelines to teacher-pupil relations involved not just teachers but all professionals in contact with pupils. From this I would understand that when an article states doctor-patient relations it would include all healthcare professionals’ not just doctors. I agree with Cornock in that a patient gives information to healthcare professionals in the hope that it can be used to assist in treatment (2009). If this confidentiality is breached, the patient may not feel comfortable to reveal all information for fear of it becoming more generally known. I personally believe that this can lead to less effective healthcare treatment and even a fear of receiving any treatment at all in cases of injury or disease that may be more of a societal taboo. The NMC Code (2008) states that healthcare professionals must â€Å"respect the patient’s right to confidentiality† and to discuss with the patient when any of their personal information will be passed to another member of the team; this is a much more formal and professional approach to dealing with information than I have experienced in the past and the onus is on me to ensure that I make the healthcare user fully aware of the ways in which their information will be utilised. This involves an aspect of communication in gaining a user’s trust and giving them the environment in which they feel they can be listened to and that their opinion will be valued. By doing this I am building a trust and confidence relationship with the patient. Once I have gained the trust of the patient and now have this information which can be used to better their quality of life, I need to be aware of the strategies in place to protect this information from the public domain. The NMC Code sets out guidelines for the nurse to ensure that information is protected. It requires the nurse to not discuss any information about the patient outside of the clinical setting, to not discuss patient’s cases in public places where it can be overheard and to not leave records unattended where they could be read by unauthorised people (ibid). These also encompass the use of internet social networking sites among others; I think that a â€Å"public place† also includes an area of the internet which can be read by people not connected with the healthcare setting. These three principles will help to ensure that any information the nurse gathers will not inadvertently travel to sources outside of the care of the patient. The Caldecott Report was a report carried out by the Department of Health about the use of patient information in the NHS with regards to confidentiality, especially in light of the increasing use of information technology. The report identified strategies that should be in place in healthcare settings to protect information (DoH, 1997). These included using the NHS number as an identifier instead of the patient’s name, using the least amount of identifiable information, educating healthcare professionals on the responsibility of holding such information, etc. A lot of the recommendations in the report are about ensuring the patient’s identification is kept separate from the details about their healthcare or keeping identifiable information to a minimum in case of inadvertent transfer. The protection of the patient’s privacy is paramount and the report sets out to help healthcare professionals ensure they maintain this privacy. Healthcare professionals have a duty to record data relevant to the patient for various reasons such as justifying decisions made, helping keep continuity of care consistent, to document delivery of care, etc. These records however need to be handled with exceptional care to ensure that they are not a source of leaking information. For this reason the NMC have strict guidelines as to how the records should be made and kept. The records need to be legible and signed and dated and held in accordance with the NMC guidelines and individual Trust’s instructions (NMC, 2009). There are areas though that confidentiality is considered a lot more important due to the nature of the health problems. My mother worked in sexual health for years and she emphasised the necessity of complete confidentiality in that area due to the â€Å"unseen† aspect of the health problems. It fascinated me as to how serious the implications of breaching a confidentiality could be in these situations, especially with public perceptions of certain sexually transmitted infections. A study done by Richard Ma on sexual health clinic users found that confidentiality within the sexual health clinics was the single most important quality to the user (Ma, 2007). He claims that this is  a consistent finding in previous studies done on sexual health and goes to support the idea that sexual health is an area that requires more attention to confidentiality between users and practitioners. The Department of Health have issued documents with regards to confidentiality and have specifically singled out sexually transmitted infections as needing to be treated with even more care with regards to the identity of the patient (DoH, 2006). There are cases however, when confidentiality needs to be breached, even in the case of sexual health. From my own experience and background in education and youth work, I understand the need to divulge information especially with regards to child abuse. It is the primary reason that confidentiality was not assured with the young people I worked with. From the NMC’s Code, I learn that it is similar within nursing practice. There is a clause under the confidentiality section which instructs nurses and midwives to disclose information when someone may be at the risk of harm, as long as it is in agreement with the law of the land (2008, op cit). Although this instruction can be applied more broadly than I previously used it, as it would include all adults, not just young people. Even broader than the scenario of child abuse however, is the issue of illness affecting judgement and therefore putting people at risk, such as the case of politician Mo Mowlam. Castledine talks about how Mowlam’s brain tumour affected her judgement and personality and how the doctor’s hand were tied as Mowlam refused to divulge that she had such a life threatening and personality changing illness when she entered into the Good Friday peace talks with Northern Ireland (Castledine, 2010). The issue Castledine raises is that thousands of lives could have been at risk if the Good Friday peace talks were not successful and it would not have been sensible to allow someone to be involved who could potentially harm those talks. In this case, the doctor did not divulge but I wonder, as a healthcare professional, how easy it would be to interpret the NMC rules and how thin the line between breaking the code, and therefore the law, and supporting it would be. From reading up on the subject, the boundaries do not seem to be clear and Betty Lynch confirms this in her guidelines to breaching confidentiality (Lynch, 2006). She states that it is not always easy to know when to breach confidentiality and so she directs the reader to five questions that would aid in whether breaching the confidentiality would also be breaking the law. These questions include whether to gain consent, the reasons behind disclosing, what is to be disclosed, who will be receiving the information and are they duty bound to keep it confidential, and finally whether disclosing the confidential information is a proportionate response to protect the patient or others. Lynch is dealing mainly with the sharing of information between agencies, but the guidelines can be used in dealing with situations as a healthcare professional to ensure that when confidentiality is breached, it is being breached legally and in line with the NMC Code. In some situations however, the consent of the patient cannot be given. Such cases are usually to do with a consideration of public safety and taking into account the broader ramifications of the information and whether it concerns more than just the patient (2012, op cit). There are also laws dictating what has to be disclosed and it is usually with regards to the Road Traffic Act, terrorism and public health issues. As a healthcare professional, I have no choice whether I disclose a confidentiality related to such issues but there are some cases where it is not so clear. Take the controversy caused by Margaret Haywood, the nurse who tried to report failing standards through the proper channels and in the end resorted to filming the practices of fellow healthcare professionals in a care home. The NMC struck her off the register for breaching patient confidentiality (Nursing Times, 2009) because they claimed that she had failed to get the consent of the patients that she was filming. However, there was support for Haywood’s actions as it highlighted the substandard care of the elderly. Higginson (2009) writes that exposing the mistreatment of the elderly is more important than being confidential. It is support like this and others that has helped to reinstate Haywood into nursing. However it does concern me that should I be working in a place where patients were being harmed or neglected I would be unable to help because of the fear of breaching confidentiality and the backlash against me. Confidentiality is a delicate subject and seems incredibly difficult to manoeuvre around to ensure that, as a healthcare professional, I do not unnecessarily breach a confidence and yet, I also divulge the correct information to the correct people. However, I can fully understand the need of the laws and NMC to insist upon almost absolute confidence. Reading about the case of â€Å"Janet†, the nurse who divulged information about a patient A in an unsatisfactory manner to the family and made unfounded remarks to A’s friends about her condition, I realise how damaging and hurtful breaching a confidence is and could have contributed to the rapid decline of the patient’s health (British Journal of Nursing, 2005). This just emphasises once again, how much power I hold over a healthcare user and how much responsibility comes with that. Moving from an education background into a healthcare future is revealing some similarities and a lot of differences as to how things are done. The issue of confidentiality piqued my interest as it seemed so different in the two settings and yet, I had expected it to be a lot more similar. I think that I laboured under the false assumption that confidentiality was only assured between doctor and patient and in sensitive subjects such as sexual health. I did not expect that confidentiality would be so important for the nurse or healthcare assistant in dealing with simple and routine procedures. I have discovered that confidentiality is of the utmost importance throughout healthcare and is given the strictest guidelines in various healthcare codes of conduct. I have learnt that there are stringent practices to ensure that confidentiality is not breached and that data is completely protected. Looking into the various laws and acts regarding protection of privacy reaffirms its value and importance with healthcare users as well as healthcare authorities. I have never worked in a healthcare setting and so learning the strategies that protect patient confidentiality is an important learning curve for me. I need to ensure that I hold the NMC guidelines foremost in my mind as I work with healthcare users and make certain that I adhere to the rules set out by the hospitals or care homes I am working in. When I first started working in education I had to make a point of familiarising myself with procedures and rules within my place of work and I need to take this forward and continue the same practice in the placements and work places I will find myself in. This means talking to the supervisor or manager with regards to their policies on confidentiality and following those rules alongside the NMC’s Code rules. I also must ensure that I learn to judge when confidentialities must be breached and remember to include the patient as much as possible with the decisions I make regarding this. I intend to look further into this subject and make it one of my highest priorities to get this part of my studies and future work as a nurse right so as to keep faith with healthcare users and provide them with the best healthcare experience I possibly can.

Importance of Using an Essay Proposal Format Sample

Importance of Using an Essay Proposal Format SampleWriting an essay proposal can be frustrating and daunting task, especially if you have no idea how to write a standard essay proposal. All the materials that you need to be included in the proposal are very important. You should therefore use a template for your essay proposal, so that you will have something to work with.There are a number of ways on how to write an essay proposal. You may need to employ several approaches to create a proposal that will garner a lot of attention from your prospective employer. It would be a waste if you would just send out a standard proposal that contains nothing but a standard outline of the project.If you are going to be employing a template for your proposal, it would help if you know exactly what you want to offer. You should clearly state the benefits of the company, so that they can easily understand your offer. To do this, you need to look at some samples of proposal samples that are commonl y used by many organizations.You can use the samples to illustrate how you would outline the company. The sample plans that you would use would basically contain only a few pages, since most of the plan is usually done on a single page. When you are writing your own proposal, you will need to make sure that you have an ample amount of pages so that you can outline the entire company in one go. Having too few pages would be a waste of time.You should take note of the format of your presentation documents as well. You need to make sure that you have an outline, business plan, and the rest of the basic requirements. You can consider using an outline as your template for the proposal.You should make a layout and proceed from there. Your template will basically contain information about the company that you are offering, as well as any basic information that are required for the new company. You will need to include your contact details, list of customers, the amount of money that you ar e willing to pay, and more.In addition to your detailed information, you will also need to have a description of the company's vision. Your template should also be developed to give you an idea of how you can present your proposal. You should consider creating some short videos and showing them in the proposal that you are going to submit.By using a template for your proposal format, you will be able to avoid any serious problems regarding grammar and spelling. However, if you find that the proposal is just not working for you, you will also need to look at the essay proposal format sample that you are using. You should be able to easily follow the sample instructions.